Present Perfect Continuous Tense - English Sindhi Grammar
زمان حال ڪامل استمراري يا زمان ماضي قريب استمراري
Definition
A verb showing some action started in past time and is still in progress is called present perfect continuous tense.
وصف
اهڙو فعل جيڪو ٻڌائي ته ڪو عمل ماضي ۾ شروع ٿيو ۽ ساڳيو اڃا هلندڙ آهي ته ان کي زمان حال ڪامل استمراري يا زمان ماضي قريب استمراري چئبو آهي.
Note:- This tense shows the completion of continuity of an action in present.
Example
- She has been sewing the cloth for four days.
- You have been writing a book since January.
- I have been watching you since childhood.
نوٽ:- هي زمان موجوده وقت ۾ ڪم جي مسلسل جي پورائيِءَ کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو.
مثال
- هوءَ چار ڏيهن کان پئي ڪپڙا سڀهي رهي آهي.
- توهان جنوري کان پئي بڪ لکي رهيا آهيو.
- مان ننڍپڻ کان پئي توهانکي ڏسي رهيو آهيان.
Helping Verbs
Note:- “Have been” and “Has been” are helping verbs of present perfect continuous tense.
مددگار فعل
نوٽ :- "Have been" ۽ "Has been" زمان حال ڪامل استمراري جا مددگار فعل آهن.
Have been and Has been
- Have been is used with first person, second Person and Plural (Nouns and Subjects) (I,We),(You), (They).
- Has been is used with third person and singular Noun. (He, She, It, Ali)
Usage of Have been and Has been
Note:- Have been and Has been helping verbs are used in sentences.
Example
| He has been beating a donkey. |
| She has been buying Eid sweets for you. |
| We have been lending you some money. |
| You have been borrowing money from us. |
| Alia has been ridding a bicycle to Office. |
| Sadia has been driving a car to Office. |
| I have been spending days in Germany for 5 months. |
Have been ۽ Has been جو استمال.
نوٽ:- Have been ۽ Has been مددگار فعل جملي ۾ استمال ٿيندا آهن.
مثال
- هي گڏه کي پئي ماري رهيو آهي.
- هوءَ توهان جي لاءِ عيد جيون مٺايون پئي وٺي رهي آهي.
- اسين توهانکي ڪجه پئيسا پئي اوڌار ڏئي رهيا آهيون.
- توهان اسان کان پئيسا پئي اوڌار وٺي رهيا آهيو.
- عاليه بائيڪ آفيس ڏانهن پئي هلائي رهي آهي.
- صاديا ڪار آفيس ڏانهن پئي هلائي رهي آهي.
- مان پنجن مهينن کان جرمني ۾ پئي ڏينهن گذاري رهيو آهيان.
Main Verb
Note:- Fourth form (+ING) of main verb is used in present perfect continuous tense.
Example
| She has been swiming since morning. |
| They have been waiting for me. |
| You have been calling for last 30 minutes. |
مين فعل
نوٽ :- زمان حال استمراري ڪامل ۾ مين فعل جي چوٿين صورت استمال ڪئي ويندي آهي.
مثال
- هوءَ صبح کان وٺي پئي تري رهي آهي.
- اهي مون جي لاءِ پئي انتظار ڪري رهيا آهن.
- توهان گذريل 30 منٽن کان ڪال پئي ڪري رهيا آهيو.
Formation - Assertive
| Subject | Helping Verb | Main Verb(4th Form) | Object(Optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | have been | starting | computer classes. |
| We | have been | appreciating | your work. |
| You | have been | chewing | grams. |
| He | has been | declaring | an emergency. |
| She | has been | harming | a cat. |
| It | has been | annoying | for 2 hours. |
| They | have been | encouraging | you for studies. |
| Ali | has been | repeating | exercise. |
| Ali and Ahmed | have been | practicing | for Nimaz. |
بناوت - بياني
مثال
- مان ڪمپيوٽر ڪلاسس پئي شروع ڪري رهيو آهيان.
- اسين توهانجي ڪم جي پئي تعريف ڪري رهيا آهيون.
- توهان ڇولا پئي چٻاڙي رهيا آهيو.
- هي ايمرجنسي پئي لاڳو ڪري رهيو آهي.
- هوءَ ٻليءَ کي نقصان پئي پهچائي رهي آهي.
- اهو 2 ڪلاڪن کان وٺي تنگ ڪري رهيو آهي.
- اهي توهان کي پڙهائي لاءِ پئي همٿائي رهيا آهن.
- علي مشق پئي دهرائي رهيو آهي.
- علي ۽ احمد نماز جي مشق پئي ڪري رهيا آهن.
Formation - Negative
been been been been been been been been been| Subject | Helping Verb | not | been | Main Verb(4th Form) | Object(Optional) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | have | not | starting | computer classes. | |
| We | have | not | appreciating | your work. | |
| You | have | not | chewing | grams. | |
| He | has | not | declaring | an emergency. | |
| She | has | not | harming | a cat. | |
| It | has | not | annoying | for 2 hours. | |
| They | have | not | encouraging | you for studies. | |
| Ali | has | not | repeating | exercise. | |
| Ali and Ahmed | have | not | practicing | for Nimaz. |
بناوت - ناڪاري
مثال
- مان ڪمپيوٽر ڪلاسس پئي شروع نه ڪري رهيو آهيان.
- اسين توهانجي ڪم جي پئي تعريف نه ڪري رهيا آهيون.
- توهان ڇولا پئي چٻاڙي نه رهيا آهيو.
- هي ايمرجنسي پئي لاڳو ڪري نه رهيو آهي.
- هوءَ ٻليءَ کي نقصان پئي پهچائي نه رهي آهي.
- اهو 2 ڪلاڪن کان وٺي تنگ ڪري نه رهيو آهي.
- اهي توهان کي پڙهائي لاءِ پئي همٿائي نه رهيا آهن.
- علي مشق پئي دهرائي نه رهيو آهي.
- علي ۽ احمد نماز جي مشق پئي ڪري نه رهيا آهن.
Formation - Interrogative
| Helping Verb | Subject | been | Main Verb(4th Form) | Object(Optional) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Have | I | been | starting | computer classes? |
| Have | We | been | appreciating | your work? |
| Have | You | been | chewing | grams? |
| Has | He | been | declaring | an emergency? |
| Has | She | been | harming | a cat? |
| Has | It | been | annoying | for 2 hours? |
| Have | They | been | encouraging | you for studies? |
| Has | Ali | been | repeating | exercise? |
| Have | Ali and Ahmed | been | practicing | for Nimaz? |
بناوت - سوالي
مثال
- ڇا مان ڪمپيوٽر ڪلاسس پئي شروع نه ڪري رهيو آهيان؟
- ڇا اسين توهانجي ڪم جي پئي تعريف نه ڪري رهيا آهيون؟
- ڇا توهان ڇولا پئي چٻاڙي نه رهيا آهيو؟
- ڇا هي ايمرجنسي پئي لاڳو ڪري نه رهيو آهي؟
- ڇا هوءَ ٻليءَ کي نقصان پئي پهچائي نه رهي آهي؟
- ڇا اهو 2 ڪلاڪن کان وٺي تنگ ڪري نه رهيو آهي؟
- ڇا اهي توهان کي پڙهائي لاءِ پئي همٿائي نه رهيا آهن؟
- ڇا علي مشق پئي دهرائي نه رهيو آهي؟
- ڇا علي ۽ احمد نماز جي مشق پئي ڪري نه رهيا آهن؟
Formation - Interrogative and Negative
| Helping Verb | Subject | not | been | Main Verb(4th Form) | Object(Optional) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Have | I | not | been | starting | computer classes? |
| Have | We | not | been | appreciating | your work? |
| Have | You | not | been | chewing | grams? |
| Has | He | not | been | declaring | an emergency? |
| Has | She | not | been | harming | a cat? |
| Has | It | not | been | annoying | for 2 hours? |
| Have | They | not | been | encouraging | you for studies? |
| Has | Ali | not | been | repeating | exercise? |
| Have | Ali and Ahmed | not | been | practicing | for Nimaz? |
بناوت - ناڪاري ۽ سوالي
مثال
- ڇا مان ڪمپيوٽر ڪلاسس پئي شروع نه ڪري رهيو آهيان؟
- ڇا اسين توهانجي ڪم جي پئي تعريف نه ڪري رهيا آهيون؟
- ڇا توهان ڇولا پئي چٻاڙي نه رهيا آهيو؟
- ڇا هي ايمرجنسي پئي لاڳو ڪري نه رهيو آهي؟
- ڇا هوءَ ٻليءَ کي نقصان پئي پهچائي نه رهي آهي؟
- ڇا اهو 2 ڪلاڪن کان وٺي تنگ ڪري نه رهيو آهي؟
- ڇا اهي توهان کي پڙهائي لاءِ پئي همٿائي نه رهيا آهن؟
- ڇا علي مشق پئي دهرائي نه رهيو آهي؟
- ڇا علي ۽ احمد نماز جي مشق پئي ڪري نه رهيا آهن؟
Emphatic Sentences
| Subject | Helping Verb | REALLY | Main Verb (fourth Form) | Object(Optional) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| You | have | really | been | participating | a dinner. |
| She | has | really | been | introducing | her husband. |
| I | have | really | been | delivering | your message. |
تاقيدي جملا
مثال
- توهان ته رات جي مانيءَ ۾ شرڪت پئي ڪري رهيا آهيو.
- هوءَ سچ پچ پنهنجي مڙس جو تعارف پئي ڪرائي رهي آهي.
- مان واقعي توهانجو پيغام پئي پهچائي رهيو آهيان.